What caliphate did Mu’awiya begin?

Umayyad caliphate

Explanation:

muawyah was the founder and the first caliph of the umayyad caliphate

Mu'awiya was the founder of the Umayyad Caliphate

Explanation:

He served from 661 to his death.

the following best describes postwar era writers in their works:

many writers,authors,novelists,poets concentrated more on social art and social writing and stayed away from political writings.

offline recommendation systems option b

because recommendation systems produce a list of two ways

1. through collaborative filtering

or

2. through content-based filtering