1. John Stuart Mill argues that "Utility" is the same as the removal of pain, or pleasure.
True or false

2. Mill argues that Utilitarianism holds that an action is right insofar as it produces happiness. True or false

3. Mill argues that pleasure, being the purpose of Utilitarianism, doesn't distinguish between types of pleasure. True or False

4. Mill argues that justice has no real connection to utility. If something produces utility, it does it without any reference to justice. True or False

5. Singer argues that an animal's ability to suffer is what demands that we consider them as ethical agents. True or False

6. Singer argues that although racism is clearly a position taken by those who are immoral, that there is really nothing such as "speciesism". True or False

7. Singer argues that in the same way the Eskimo population can justify its intake of animal protein as a means of survival, so can the majority of other American's. True or false

8. Norcross argues that what makes our behavior immoral is that we cause animals pain and suffering purely because of taste. True or False

9. Norcross argues that even because human infants are not capable of higher reasoning, like animals, that we should eat them as well. True or False

10. Tom Regan argues that what doesn't make our treatment of animals immoral is our use of them as resources, but the pain and suffering they feel. True or False

11. Reagan argues that if your neighbor kicks your dog, it isn't because the dog has been wronged that makes it immoral, but that you as the human owner has been wronged. True or False

12. Machan argues that animals are not to be considered for the pain we cause them because they are not ethical agents. True or False

sonar maybe? ? i dont know the choices

i need this answer                                                                 .                                                          

the russian empire[a] was an empire that extended across eurasia and north america from 1721, following the end of the great northern war, until the republic was proclaimed by the provisional government that took power after the february revolution of 1917.[4]

the third largest empire in world history, at its greatest extent stretching over three continents, europe, asia, and north america, the russian empire was surpassed in size only by the british and mongol empires. the rise of the russian empire coincided with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the swedish empire, the polish–lithuanian commonwealth, persia and the ottoman empire. it played a major role in 1812–1814 in defeating napoleon's ambitions to control europe and expanded to the west and south.

the house of romanov ruled the russian empire from 1721 until 1762, and its matrilineal branch of patrilineal german descent the house of holstein-gottorp-romanov ruled from 1762. at the beginning of the 19th century, the russian empire extended from the arctic ocean in the north to the black sea in the south, from the baltic sea on the west to the pacific ocean, into alaska and northern california in america on the east.[5] with 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third-largest population in the world at the time, after qing china and india. like all empires, it featured great diversity in terms of economies, ethnicity, and religion. there were many dissident elements, who launched numerous rebellions and assassination attempts; they were closely watched by the secret police, with thousands exiled to siberia.

economically, the empire had a predominantly agricultural base, with low productivity on large estates worked by serfs (russian peasants) until they were freed in 1861. the economy slowly industrialized with the of foreign investments in railways and factories. the land was ruled by a nobility, the boyars, from the 10th through the 17th centuries, and subsequently by an emperor. tsar ivan iii (1462–1505) laid the groundwork for the empire that later emerged. he tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the golden horde, renovated the moscow kremlin, and laid the foundations of the russian state. emperor peter the great (1682–1725) fought numerous wars and expanded an already huge empire into a major european power. he moved the capital from moscow to the new model city of st. petersburg, and led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political mores with a modern, scientific, europe-oriented, and rationalist system.

empress catherine the great (reigned 1762–1796) presided over a golden age; she expanded the state by conquest, colonization and diplomacy, continuing peter the great's policy of modernization along western european lines. emperor alexander ii (1855–1881) promoted numerous reforms, most dramatically the emancipation of all 23 million serfs in 1861. his policy in eastern europe involved protecting the orthodox christians under the rule of the ottoman empire. that connection by 1914 led to russia's entry into the first world war on the side of france, the united kingdom, and serbia, against the german, austrian, and ottoman empires.

the russian empire functioned as an absolute monarchy on principles of orthodoxy, autocracy, and nationality until the revolution of 1905 and then became a de jure constitutional monarchy. the empire collapsed during the february revolution of 1917, largely as a result of massive failures in its participation in the first world war.