N the second century BCE, the Greek astronomer Ptolemy tried to explain the backward movement of the planets by using a solar system model that included . For centuries, this was the accepted model. During the Renaissance, Nicholas discovered the old heliocentric model of Aristarchus. In Aristarchus’s model, the rising and setting of the Sun was explained by the movement of the .

among the options given on the question the correct answer is option d.

tan winces when she describes her mother’s english as “broken.”

explanation: the excerpt is from "mother tongue" is an essay by amy tan. the purpose of writing this essay was describe the challenging situation of someone who was raised in a family where the parents could not speak proper english and the influence of the situation.people also could judge the individual for the poor english.

however, amy tan described the english of her mother as broken according to the other people. but every time, she referred as broken she winced. because, she began to understand the world with her mother's english.she could understand her mother's english.

therefore, tan winces when she describes her mother’s english as “broken.”