How were the rulers of the early west African empires able to control the trans- Saharan trade

At first Taghaza had been controlled by the Saharan nomads, but in the early 14th century the rulers of Mali managed to maintain some control over the routes leading these mines from the south. Ghana's location allowed them to control this trans-Saharan trade.

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in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

answer: capitalism and socialism are formal economies. the major differences between capitalism and socialism revolve around the role of the government and equality of economics. capitalism affords economic freedom, consumer choice, and economic growth.

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