The party of the nobility were the:
a: whigs
b: marxists
c: tories
d: democrats

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

though both had similar roots, they both took these similar bases & formed it into their own way. both the byzantine empire and ancient roman have similar aspects, but each one made it unique. both the byzantine empire and ancient romans had roman influences which affected their culture

the correct answer is d