Mao Zedong launched a movement of great upheaval in the late 1960s known as the ___ to prevent ""revisionism"" and to rekindle enthusiasm for the Chinese communist system.

The Cultural Revolution.

Explanation:

Chairman Mao´s Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) had as one of its top goals to destroy the old, "decadent" traditional Chinese culture, "bourgeois" and landlord culture, which were seen as reactionary. The Communist Party had to foster a new revolutionary culture, a culture of workers and peasants instead. It was a terrible, chaotic and bloody era in China. Millions of people were purged, humilliated in public, and sent to forced labor camps. However , the true objective of Mao was to crush all his political rivals within the party and strengthen his own personal power.