In which did most americans find a commality

What was one of the difficulties adams faced as president? a. european countries were trying to move back in on u.s. lands b. possible war with england; fighting between political parties c. problems with spain; trade disputes with russia d. census issues; problems with selecting a new capital

Is karma the same as destiny, in the sense that everything that happens to you is predetermined? do you believe that "what goes around comes around," and if so is this the same as karma? does everyone get what they deserve, in the end?

Plz how did the jews of the diaspora preserve their heritage?