What was not a problem that most newly independent nations in Africa faced?

Civil war would often break out as different factions fought to rule the country

Many times a newly independent nation would be taken over by another colonial

power

Power would often go back and forth between civilian and military rulers

Widespread violence would often occur because of tensions among various ethnic

groups

Many times a newly independent nation would be taken over by another colonial power

Explanation:

This is the correct answer because African nations went through a Decolonization around the 1950s. So these nations were not taken over by another colonial power. The problem was that this decolonization was made without any or little preparation, which eventually led to the problems the other alternatives show. There was widespread unrest by civilians and military, revolts, poverty, and other problems. Many of them faced dictatorial governments and others still are in the civil war.

b.provides a written record of the transaction

d) a constitutional amendment