The nineteenth century geographer E. G. Ravenstein noted that most migration involves . a. long-term relocation between neighboring countries b. short-distance relocations within countries c. long-term relocations within countries d. long-distance relocations within countries e. short-distance relocations between neighboring countries

Explanation:

E.G. Ravenstein has established a series of migration laws which determine the reason and the attitude towards migration of people from one place to the other.

In his findings, he noted that most migration involves short-distance relocations within countries. He noted that native migrants of a country is less likely to occur than the native migrants of a village migrating into towns or cities. Native rural migrants tends to migrate to towns and cities more than native country migrants migrating to another country or to a long distance.

Therefore, people migrate for economic prosperity to short distance urban places within the country instead of migrating into another country or long distance places.

the answers is b.   environments.

although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.