Why did governments authorize the creation of joint stock companies

Governments authorized the creation of joint-stock companies because it limited the possibility of risk from trade.

The join-stock company was authorized for the companies to establish trade in other lands, as was the case of the Virginia-London Company that sponsored the trip of English colonists to the Americas.

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these conditions long with a short growing season made farming difficult.

explanation:

the north has a climate of warm summers and snowy cold winters. the terrain is rocky, hilly, and not good for farming.