How was pope clement v's transfer of the papacy to avignon different from charles martel's victory in the battle of tours? a. clement's action launched the first crusade, while martel's victory ended it. b. clement's action promoted the spread of christianity, while martel's victory promoted islam. c. clement's action divided the european catholic church, while martel's victory unified it. d. clement's action restored the power of the roman empire, while martel's victory weakened it.