The earliest cities of the indus river valley civilization were designed in a grid. in a circular pattern. with protective walls. with no plan.

A) In a grid pattern.

The cities walls were build in a grid.

(No they weren't, they were built to be protective, but e2020 here says otherwise)

“the battle of stalingrad is not a turning point necessarily in strategic terms, because a lot more has to be done before the soviets can be certain of defeating germany,” says renowned world war ii historian richard overy. the germans had fought nearly a thousand miles across the soviet union to get to stalingrad.