That the master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring
within the united states on such vessel, and land or
permit to be landed, any chinese laborer, from any
foreign port or place, shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be
punished by a fine of not more than five hundred
dollars for each and every such chinese laborer so
brought, and may be also imprisoned for a term not
exceeding one year.
- section 2, chinese exclusion act, 1882
10. passage of this legislation was mainly a response to
a. economic and race-based opposition to
immigrants in the western united states
b. demands by businesses for additional workers
c. efforts of the american federation of labor to
recruit skilled workers
d. pressure from railroads to limit competition in
shipping