In 1848, groups in sicily, france, germany, italy, and the austrian empire
attempted to overthrow monarchies and replace them with more
representative forms of government. which term best characterizes this
situation?

a. urbanization

b. revolution

c. imperialism

d. colonialism

well i cant say as there are no answers for me to choose from.

explanation:

sorry!

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

there is no photo, therefore i can not answer your question.

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.