Which amendment best addresses the fears of federalists like james madison, that rights and powers not specifically listed in the constitution or bill of rights will not be protected in the future?
a) the first amendment.
b) the fourth amendment.
c) the tenth amendment.
d) the ninth amendment.

The Ninth Amendment addresses the fears of Federalists like James Madison, that rights and powers not specifically listed in the Constitution or Bill of Rights will not be protected in the future.

The Ninth Amendment: This amendment was done to ensure that the Bill of Rights was not seen as granting to the people of the United States only the specific rights it addressed. It says "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people".

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declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances