Which of the following life history traits can potentially influence effective population size (ne)?

a) maturation age
b) genetic relatedness among individuals in a population
c) family and population size
d) gene flow between geographically separated populations
e) all of the options are correct.

E) All of the options are correct.

Explanation:

The number of people who are actively involved in producing the next generation determines the effective size of the population. Generally speaking, the effective population size is slightly less than the scale of the census. The size of populations greatly influences evolutionary processes. Effective Population Size is denoted by the sign 'Ne" and it depends on all the above-mentioned options.

the causes of the dust bowls were severe droughts,   lands became dry and hard, temperature was higher than usual, hot and dry conditions killed crops, high winds. because of those factors, the winds kicked up dry soil and created clouds of dust.