Before christianity, the west had a variety of different religions with similarities and differences. explain the religion in ancient mesopotamia, egypt, judaism, and greece. analyze their similarities and differences.

Explanation:

The Mesopotamian religion refers to the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Mesopotamian civilizations, especially between the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian civilizations between about 3500 and 400 BC. The foundations of the ancient Mesopotamian religion were laid by the Early Sumerian Dynasties. Although there were differences between the parts of the region, the basic religious figures, epics and beliefs remained the same. Although the gods and goddesses of Mesopotamia, which is a polytheistic religion, changed their names in time, their characteristics remained the same. The Sumerians were the first to form the Mesopotamian pantheon. The Sumerians, who built ziggurats for their gods, gave as much importance to religious issues and issues as life issues, offering various sacrifices, praying, ritual and ceremonies to satisfy their gods materially and spiritually. . Therefore, they thought that the most important duty of human beings was to fulfill their masters in a satisfactory and satisfying way. III. Since the end of the millennium, they have boasted that they built many temples and repaired existing ones in their dedicated and commemorative inscriptions.

Ancient Egyptian religion is an integral part of ancient Egyptian society and was polytheistic and had a complex belief system of rituals. It is concentrated on the interaction of many gods and Egyptians who are believed to exist and are under the control of forces and elements of nature. The gods provided Egyptian religious practices, and the people made an effort to gain their appreciation. Egypt was ruled by the Pharaohs who had the same status as the king in history and who were also gods. Although the Pharaohs were human, the Pharaohs were believed to be descended from the gods. Pharaohs acted as mediators between men and gods, had to maintain order in the universe and fulfill the offerings of the gods. The Egyptians built enormous temples for the gods.

Judaism is a monotheistic religion based on the principles and principles of the Hebrew holy book, which are further explored and explained in the Talmud and other texts. According to Jewish belief, Judaism begins with the Agreement between God and Abraham. In Tanah, however, there are remarkable periods in which many Israel people deviate from the beliefs of Judaism. Historically, although Judaism considers the belief and acceptance of the Written and Oral Torah as the basis of faith, there is no central authority in Judaism that dictates religious dogma. This has led to the emergence of many different arrangements of the theological beliefs inherent in the Torah and the Talmud. From time to time, some rabbis have come to a consensus on a rigorous arrangement, but they have come across with opposition from others, and many rabbis have criticized such attempts as totally damaging the Torah's acceptance. is considered important enough to make the person "apikoros" position if rejected.

The Greek religion did not have a unified organization and teaching, but consisted of communal cults of various deities who were not omnipotent, but who patronized one or more elements, spheres of human activity, or geographical areas. Often these ideas varied from region to region: for example, Artemis could be revered as the patroness of virgins or women in childbirth. Sometimes deities were supplied with epithets: Zeus Xenius (patron of travelers), Zeus Ctesius (patron of property) and so on. The gods corresponded with sacred animals (a relic of totemism). The gods obeyed fate and could even fight each other. There have been cases of posthumous deification (Hercules). Mythology has been extremely developed. The Greeks believed in the existence of the afterlife. Some philosophers (Pythagoras, Plato) recognized the transmigration of souls, but this idea was not widespread. According to K. Kerenyi, the Greek religion in its classical form is the religion of the world order founded by Zeus (see Olympic gods).

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