What was the indian removal act?
a) an act passed by congress that called for the removal of native americans to the indian territory
b) an act that made it illegal for white settlers to make claims to land occupied by native americans
c) an act that gave native americans the right to order the removal white settlers from their land
d) an act that forced native americans to leave the united states

answer:

the indian removal act was signed into law on may 28, 1830, by united states president andrew jackson. the law authorized the president to negotiate with southern native american tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the mississippi river in exchange for white settlement of their ancestral lands.[1][2][3] the act has been referred to as a unitary act of systematic genocide, because it discriminated against an ethnic group in so far as to make certain the death of vast numbers of its population.[4] the act was signed by andrew jackson and it was strongly enforced under his administration and that of martin van buren, which extended until 1841.[5]

the act was strongly supported by southern and northeastern populations, but was opposed by native tribes and the whig party. the cherokee worked together to stop this relocation, but were unsuccessful; they were eventually forcibly removed by the united states government in a march to the west that later became known as the trail of tears.in the early 1800s, the united states government began a systematic effort to remove american indian tribes from the southeast.[6] the chickasaw, choctaw, muscogee-creek, seminole, and original cherokee nations[7] had been established as autonomous nations in the southeastern united states.

this acculturation was originally proposed by george washington and was well under way among the cherokee and choctaw by the turn of the 19th century.[8] in an effort to assimilate with american culture, indians were encouraged to "convert to christianity; learn to speak and read english; and adopt european-style economic practices such as the individual ownership of land and other property (including, in some instances, the ownership of african slaves)."[9] thomas jefferson's policy echoed washington's proposition: respect the indians' rights to their homelands, and allow the five tribes to remain east of the mississippi provided that they adopt behavior and cultural practices that are compatible with those of other americans. jefferson encouraged practicing an agriculture-based society. andrew jackson sought to renew a policy of political and military action for the removal of the indians from these lands and worked toward enacting a law for indian removal.[10][11] in his 1829 state of the union address, jackson called for removal.[12]

the indian removal act was put in place to give to the southern states the land that indians had settled on. the act was passed in 1830, although dialogue had been ongoing since 1802 between georgia and the federal government concerning such an event. ethan davis states that "the federal government had promised georgia that it would extinguish indian title within the state's borders by purchase 'as soon as such purchase could be made upon reasonable terms'".[13] as time passed, southern states began to speed up the process by posing the argument that the deal between georgia and the federal government had no contract and that southern states could pass the law themselves. this scheme forced the national government to pass the indian removal act on may 28, 1830, in which president jackson agreed to divide the united states territory west of the mississippi into districts for tribes to replace the land from which they were removed.

in the 1823 case of johnson v. m'intosh, the united states supreme court handed down a decision stating that indians could occupy and control lands within the united states but could not hold title to those lands.[14] jackson viewed the union as a federation of highly esteemed states, as was common before the american civil war. he opposed washington's policy of establishing treaties with indian tribes as if they were foreign nations. thus, the creation of indian jurisdictions was a violation of state sovereignty under article iv, section 3 of the constitution. as jackson saw it, either indians comprised sovereign states (which violated the constitution) or they were subject to the laws of existing states of the union. jackson urged indians to assimilate and obey state laws. further, he believed that he could only accommodate the desire for indian self-rule in federal territories, which required resettlement west of the mississippi river on federal lands.[15][16]

support and opposition

hello! : )

1. intercessory weapons

“god is looking for somebody, a wall builder; somebody who can prevent calamities and avert disasters through importunate tears of supplication,” writes father oforka. “such wall builders attend the divine council and, like spiritual attorneys, passionately argue their cases in order to achieve their purpose.”

an example of an intercessory warrior is moses in the old testament. “moses acted as a bridge between god and his people. that was an office that god called him to when he appeared to him in the form of a burning bush. he therefore respects both moses as his faithful servant and his office of mediation between him and his people,” father oforka writes.

how does intercession play a role in our lives today, as the spiritual battle rages on still? “we must go back to our roots and repossess the right of attending the divine council through the ministry of intercession,” father oforka explains. we intercede through prayer, petitioning for others before the throne of god.

2. the name of jesus 

“there is something in the name of jesus that is awesome and fascinating,” father oforka writes. “hence, the quiver of the intercessory cannot be complete without it.”

saints paul, peter, and john write extensively about the power of the name of christ. no one can make demons subject to him without the name of christ.

in the early church, justin martyr wrote, “for every demon, when exorcised in the name of this very son of god – who is the first-born of every creature, who became man by the virgin, who suffered, and was crucified under pontius pilate, who died, who rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven – is overcome and subdued. but though you exorcise any demon in the name of any of those who are among you – either kings, or righteous men, or prophets, or patriarchs – it will not be subject to you.”

3. the power of praise 

praise is a underrated arrow in the quiver of a christian. “it’s important that intercessors should learn the power of praise,” writes father oforka. “a group of prayer ministers may gather for hours praising god and soaking the air with divine waves. . the father cherishes it when his awesome deeds are recounted and his person is addressed accordingly.”

what does this have to do with spiritual warfare? “at those times when the thick clouds of evil begin to gather, when the smoke of satan begins to blur our view and choke our breath, intercessors might opt to descend into the bright cloud of praise, invoking these awesome names, instead of a mournful prayer-fight.”

heaven can’t resist soulful praise of the faithful – and satan can’t stand to hear god praised here on earth.

4. the fire of the holy spirit

the fire of the holy spirit has a two-fold purpose in the life of the spiritual warrior. “it could be used as both an offensive and a defensive weapon,” father oforka explains. “it is like the word of god, which is double-edged and therefore dual in purpose.”

we often see god through the medium of fire throughout the old testament. he appears to moses in a burning bush, and as a pillar of fire through the desert wanderings of the israelite nation. in his letter to the hebrews, saint paul writes that god is an “all consuming fire.”

5. the eucharist 

in the gospel of john, christ says: “very truly i tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the son of man and drink his blood, you have no life within you.” the institution of the eucharist is an event recorded meticulously by three of the synoptic gospels and saint paul.

when catholics worship in the mass and receive the body of christ through the eucharist they can “draw more strength than he can image,” explains father oforka. “an intercessory, who identifies with jesus in the eucharist, can handle difficult cases. he does not just end with the invocation of this treasure. he must, as often as possible, be part of the sacrifice of the mass through which this power flows.”

hope this and i hope i answered in time!

good luck!

~ destiny ^_^

the main reason that the constitution did not proclaim all men to be free and equal is because of the issue of slavery.