The various republics and regions that comprised the ussr differed greatly in the standard and quality of life and the level of development (an important issue that became a sore spot during the collapse of the soviet union in 1991). which of the republics listed below were - during the soviet times - predominantly rural, agricultural and industrially under-developed?

central asian republics (tadjikistan, kirgiziya [now kyrgyzstan], uzbekistan)

baltic republics (latvia, lithuania, estonia)

central european republics (i. e. russia)

eastern european countries (poland, bulgaria, etc.)

The answer is:

Central Asian Republics (Tadjikistan, Kirgiziya [now Kyrgyzstan], Uzbekistan).

Explanation:

Agriculture always played an important part in the economies of the Central Asian Soviet Republics., far from the industrialized Baltic republics or Soviet Russia itself.

when studying cause and effect, historians usually group the causes into different categories. for example, cultural causes reflect how a society’s literature and art convey the way the society saw itself in relation to the rest of the world. another resource that historians use to understand society is pop culture, which tells them the trends and ideas that are preferred by the common people. when studying cause and effect, it’s important to remember multiple causation, or the idea that an effect could have several causes and vice versa.  

the correct option is “cultural causes” since art and literature are related to the culture of a place. culture is determined by literature, art, music.

the correct option is “pop culture” since it reflects the likes and ideas of common people whereas the rest of the options do not focus on common people.  

the correct option is “multiple causation” since it refers to the idea that events are caused by multiple reasons, not just a single one.