Who formed the basic ideas of communism

Marxism, first developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the mid-1800s, has been the foremost ideology of the communist movement.

Explanation:

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the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.