•lasting peace in the post-world war i world
• rights for all countries to choose their own governing systems
• a league of nations to discuss and resolve international disputes
• no more secret alliances
• no more imperialism or colonization
the list above describes components

The list summarizes a few points of the Fourteen Points speech gave by President Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) on January 8, 1918.

The speech was aimed to direct the peace negotiations after World War I. Wilson tried to establish principles that should be followed in order to maintain lasting peace and to repair crimes committed during wartime. He also advised the evacuation of all Russian and Belgium territory; the restoration of all French portions including the Alsace-Lorraine (won by Prussia in 1871 in the Franco-Prussian war); and the reduction of all national armaments, among other things.  

the articles of confederation only set up the continental congress at the federal level. there were no executive or judicial branches except within the states. the states were allowed to keep every right that was not specifically given to congress. the bonding of the states was through a 'firm league of friendship' that best served as a defense agreement against invasion. states were not allowed to use taxes as a way to discourage treaties, and states were extremely limited in their dealings with foreign nations.

not many historians today talk about the strengths of the articles of confederation, likely because of how unpopular the document quickly became. the articles did set the legislative body, congress, as the highest power in the nation because of the fear of monarchy. congress had the sole power to declare war, assign treaties, entertain foreign relations, and operate post offices. disputes between states and territorial issues were to be brought to congress. the document also stipulated that canada was allowed to enter the union if they desired.

there were more weaknesses than strengths under the articles of confederation. the lack of power given to the continental congress strangled the federal government. the articles gave congress the power to pass laws but no power to enforce those laws. if a state did not support a federal law, that state could simply ignore it. congress had no power to levy taxes or regulate trade. without a federal court system or executive leader, there would be no way to enforce these laws, either. amending the articles of confederation would also require a unanimous decision, which would be extremely difficult.

it's a secular holiday. it is and was a custom developed to recognize the ending of a time and a wish for a good future. the kind of kiss you exchange, if you are single, is intended to predict what kind of year you will have in the coming year.

it is saying good bye to the last year with all its ups and downs, and hello to the new year, with all its hopes and dreams.