Given the example of serbia’s independence from the ottoman empire in 1885, do ethnicities seeking their own nations have other methods to address their concerns beyond resorting to terrorism? explain.

Affirmatively, ethnic groups seeking independence as free nations have other methods to achieve their goal, without incurring terrorist actions.

Although sadly we have plenty of examples of terrorist actions committed with the aim of forcing the independence of a certain ethnic group (ETA in favor of the independence of the Basque Country in Spain; or the terrorist actions of the Kurds in the Middle East), there are many other ethnicities who have sought their independence through peaceful means.

An example of this is Catalunia, which since 2012 has been trying to separate peacefully from Spain, even declaring its independence in 2017 after a popular referendum.

Another example of independence by peaceful means is that obtained by India, in which its population participated in non-violent protests and action measures against Great Britain, without incurring armed confrontations or sporadic attacks.

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explanation:

the articles of confederation only set up the continental congress at the federal level. there were no executive or judicial branches except within the states. the states were allowed to keep every right that was not specifically given to congress. the bonding of the states was through a 'firm league of friendship' that best served as a defense agreement against invasion. states were not allowed to use taxes as a way to discourage treaties, and states were extremely limited in their dealings with foreign nations.

not many historians today talk about the strengths of the articles of confederation, likely because of how unpopular the document quickly became. the articles did set the legislative body, congress, as the highest power in the nation because of the fear of monarchy. congress had the sole power to declare war, assign treaties, entertain foreign relations, and operate post offices. disputes between states and territorial issues were to be brought to congress. the document also stipulated that canada was allowed to enter the union if they desired.

there were more weaknesses than strengths under the articles of confederation. the lack of power given to the continental congress strangled the federal government. the articles gave congress the power to pass laws but no power to enforce those laws. if a state did not support a federal law, that state could simply ignore it. congress had no power to levy taxes or regulate trade. without a federal court system or executive leader, there would be no way to enforce these laws, either. amending the articles of confederation would also require a unanimous decision, which would be extremely difficult.