How was power centralized in the inca empire, japan, and ottoman empire?

the answer is: as a  monarchy.

Explanation:

Inca Empire-- the Sapa ( emperor)  Inca exercising the ultimate government authority. His powers were not limited by law. the royal council helped him rule and was made up mostly of royalty or close family members, high priests and generals.

Japan Empire-- Imperial Japan; constitutional policy with the emperor as reigning monarch; industrialization, urbanization, and an increasingly mobile society.

Ottoman Empire--a complex organization of government with the Sultan as the supreme ruler of a centralized government that had an effective control of its provinces, officials and inhabitants.

Parliamentary monarchy was re-established in the Ottoman Empire on July, 23rd 1908.

the answer is b: the religion they practice.

here's why:

there were many different native american tribes and those with similar characteristics formed a main tribe or nation. each had its own language, religion and customs.

wait history, who want to talk about history, boring.