The doctrine the maintains that the state should not intervene in economics is called

Laissez-faire.

Explanation:

It is a French expression that means "let do, let pass." It´s a doctrine that advocates a restricted role of the government in the economy. Government should limit to keeping peace and protect property. Initiative must be left to individuals. In practical terms, it means letting the market do its work.

(d) rivers.

explanation:

civilizations developed around rivers because their waters provided places to hunt and fish. also, as the rivers flooded, the lands around them became fertile. this allowed them to support farming. this is especially true of the nile river, which flooded the same time each year.

answer; taking up arms to defend the nation;