Southern whites, including small merchants, small landowners, and former whigs, were attracted republican policies of:

They all were attracted towards the Republican policies of promoting new industries and growth.

Explanation:

The Republican coalition that came to power in almost all southern states promoted economic growth and worked to restore southern prosperity and finance things such as rail construction, expand social services, and establish a public-school system.

The small traders and other former Whigs were interested excited in government assistance for commercial and industrial development in the South.

The small landlords hoped that they would be favored by the rich landlords and would come to their aid for the Republican Party when they suffered the loss of their homeowners.

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.

for hobos it was a very hard time most hid on the sides of the railroad tracks causing people to get bulls and get them off sometimes causing in fatal death they couldnt get people to give them money because the   people were also in need of money