Excerpt from the over the top (1917)

“we had a new man at the periscope, on this afternoon in question; i was sitting on the fire step, cleaning my rifle, when he called out to me: ‘there’s a sort of greenish, yellow cloud rolling along the ground out in front, it’s coming—’

but i waited for no more, grabbing my bayonet, which was detached from the rifle, i gave the alarm by banging an empty shell case, which was hanging near the periscope. at the same instant, gongs started ringing down the trench, the signal for tommy to don his respirator, or smoke helmet, as we call it.

gas travels quietly, so you must not lose any time; you generally have about eighteen or twenty seconds in which to adjust your gas helmet

which statement best explains how gas attacks affected warfare during world war 1?

a. gas attacks allowed germany to win major battles and defeat france before the united states joined the war.

b. gas attacks resulted in the death of millions of civilians and led people to demand an end of the war.

c. gas attacks made fighting in trenches difficult and had major psychological effects upon troops.

d. gas attacks terrified troops and led them to demand a truce between the allied powers and the central powers.