During his pontificate (1294 - 1303), repeated claims to papal authority were challenged by king philip iv of france. when this person died in 1309 (at the hands of philip's thugs), the french king moved the papal court from rome to the french city of avignon, where it remained until 1378.

Pope Boniface VIII

Explanation: Boniface VIII was murdered at the hand of Phillip's thugs due to the fact that he believed that The Pope had ultimate authority over material and spiritual matters as a representative of God. He died in 1303. After his death, the king of France persuaded the conclave to elect Clement V as the new pope, and later on, convinced the pope to move the papacy from Rome to Avignon in 1309, in order to more effectively control and influence the papal office.

answer: a

explanation:  

stocks and bonds are the two main classes of assets investors use in their portfolios. stocks offer an ownership stake in a company, while bonds are akin to loans made to a company (a corporate bond) or other organization (like the u.s. treasury). in general, stocks are considered riskier and more volatile than bonds.

savings accounts are just money in a bank- they are insured by the fdic for up to 250,000.   very little risk

the average mutual fund holds hundreds of different securities, which means mutual fund shareholders gain important diversification at a low price. which means if one stock or bond drops it will have very little affect on the mutual fund - again very little risk

the outcome of 1970 oil crisis in united states was that, they began to search ways on how to reduce oil.

in 1970 was a period when there were energy and oil crisis. those who were major centers for industrialization were forced to keep way from supplying of petroleum.

some of the result of this crisis was economic growth became stagnant because prices of oil surged.

due to the increased prices some countries like mexico and norway benefited.