“on the landward side” means
a.
away from the volcano.
c.
on the far side of the bay.
b.
toward the volcano.
d.
on the sea floor.

the answer is b. toward the volcano

Explanation:

The passage says "On the landward side a fearful black cloud was rent by forked and quivering bursts of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size.” Which means the answer is b.

i and iii hope this : )

explanation: