The person having the greatest number of votes for president, shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president.

the twelfth amendment is used under which of the following circumstances?

the electoral college cannot function because of issues at the state level.

a sitting house of representatives cannot choose a speaker in a timely manner.

a presidential election does not give a majority of electoral college votes to one candidate.

the popular vote results in a near tie between two or more presidential candidates.