Which statement describes how kings gained power in western europe during the late middle ages?

a.
they seized land from nobles and gave it to vassals who would swear allegiance to them.

b.
they closed monasteries to ensure that people would have no access to learning.

c.
they granted civil rights and land titles to peasants in return for their political support.

d.
they reduced their land holdings in order to limit the influence of local barons and dukes.