Amajor crisis occurred in 1915 when the germans sank the british passenger liner with much loss of life, including 138 americans.

A major crisis occurred in 1915 when the Germans sank the British passenger liner Lusitania with much loss of life, including 138 Americans.

Explanation:

julius caesar turned the roman republic into the roman empire by coming in and taking the "dictator" role during the time of a civil war (elites vs lower classes) winning battles and reputation, then declaring him dictator for life

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declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances