An officer makes a valid traffic stop and issues a valid ticket (citation) for the traffic violation. the officer has no additional information about criminal activity, and without permission from the driver, the officer searches the vehicle. under the fourth amendment, this search is?

Invasion of privacy.

Explanation:

The Fouth Admendment  says that every people have the right to be secure in their papers or properties against any unreasonable search and no Warrants will be issued except when there is a probable cause, so it means that an officer has to have evidence of any criminal action before searching into a vehicle; like for example when a driver is caught drinking or using drugs while driving.  

answer: it b

explanation:

cuz l   said so

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