what was one major way that the central pacific and union pacific railroad companies made a large profit in the 1800s?

A major way the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroad companies made a large profit in the 1800s was by monopolizing railroads and putting the prices very high. This very much hurt farmers but the railroad companies made a lot of money by doing this.

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.

b. native americans them