Due to the fragility of the material on which the Vedas were recorded (for this, tree bark or palm leaves were used), the age of manuscripts that have reached us does not exceed several hundred years. The oldest Rig Veda manuscripts refer to the 11th century. Being cultural, historical and linguistic monument of great value, the Vedas consolidate several periods of development of ancient Indian culture and thought - from a primitive semi-nomadic life to a developed urban, from a cult of ancestors, tribal deities and natural phenomena to complex symbolism of the ritual, from a healer spell to highly artistic symbolism of nature and dramatic dialogues. From the historical and literary point of view, Vedas are important, on the one hand, as a monument to the most ancient poetic and prosaic forms of Indian literature, and on the other, as one of the most ancient monuments of Aryan literature, as valuable material for comparisons in a comparative study of world literature.
ΠΠ·-Π·Π° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ΅Π΄Ρ (Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ), Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΡ "Π ΠΈΠ³-Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ" Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ 11 Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈ -- ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΎΡ Π·Π½Π°Ρ
Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ². Π‘ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π. Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ -- ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.
Explanation: