What answer best expresses why secularism came to be?

a. european monarchs were fed up with the church dominating everything.
renaissance thinkers showed how the church was not meeting the needs of the people.
b. renaissance culture introduced the idea of enjoying life on earth rather than focusing one's earthly efforts on spiritual salvation.
c. people were more interested in types of art and philosophy that disagreed with the church.
d. humanism was such a compelling philosophy that it drew people away from the church.