Does the indirect application of pressure on the government by interest groups advance democracy?

the treaty of brest-litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 march 1918 between the new bolshevik government of russia and the central powers (german empire, austria-hungary, bulgaria, and the ottoman empire), that ended russia's participation in world war i.

england is crowded cold and polluted while north america was like the opposite

a. by accepting the election of president abraham lincoln in 1860 and convincing other southern states to do the same

i beleive that d is the right answer