"since the sung dynasty had lost the throne and heaven had cut off their sacrifice, the yuan (mongol) dynasty had risen from the
desert to enter and rule over china for more than a hundred years, when heaven, wearied of their misjovernment and
debauchery, thought also fit to turn their fate to ruin, and the affairs of china were in a state of disorder for eighteen years.
-chinese official letter documenting the song and yuan dynasties, translated and published in china and the roman orient:
researches into their ancient and mediaeval relations as represented in old chinese records, published 1885
this passage best supports which of these chinese beliefs?
confucianism
mandate of heaven
the supremacy of the emperor
dj
the patriarchal nature of chinese society