The main difference between archaeologists and anthropologists is that archaeologists find and excavate the artifacts of ancient people, while anthropologists excavate the tombs of ancient people. archaeologists concentrate on the physical artifacts, while anthropologists concentrate on early societies and how they changed over time. archaeologists find and excavate the artifacts of ancient people, while anthropologists interpret the findings of archaeologists. archaeologists find and excavate both artifacts and human remains of ancient people, while anthropologists study present-day societies and their peoples.