Question: how does this except reflect the development of the idea of the rule of law?
excerpt
“we furthermore grant and give to all the freedom of our realm for ourselves and our heirs in perpetuity and liberties written below to have and to hold to them and their heirs from us and our heirs in perpetuity.”
answer choices
a) new laws protected the established government
b) new laws should be publicized
c) the laws existed to promote democracy
d) the law applies to the ruler as well as the peopl

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islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]

what is the answer choices