Unlike much of the rest of the western europe in the 13th century

Unlike much of the rest of the Western Europe in the 13th century Italy was divided into “city-states” where middle-class citizens got power and promoted international exchange. During the late middle Ages, Northern and Central Italy wound up unmistakably more prosperous than the south of Italy, with the city-states, for example, Venice and Genoa, among the wealthiest in Europe.

The Crusades had constructed enduring exchange connects to the Levant, and the Fourth Crusade had done a lot to devastate the Byzantine Roman Empire as a business opponent to the Venetians and Genoese. The fundamental exchange courses from the east went through the Byzantine Empire or the Arab terrains and onwards to the ports of Genoa, Pisa, and Venice.

Extravagance merchandise purchased in the Levant, for example, flavors, colors, and silks, were foreign made to Italy and after that exchanged all through Europe.

the answers is b.   environments.

the correct answer is "c: merchants" and "e. soldiers".

the song dynasty was known as the first government in the world to introduce paper currency. it was also the first chinese government which established a permanent standing navy. finally, the first compass was introduced during this period of government.

all of these innovations heavily affected commerce in a positive way. printed money dynamize commerce within the borders of the empire due to an easier way to quantify value during the trade. the introduction of the compass trade routes to be faster. finally, the introduction of a standing navy regulate trade routes.

regarding military affairs, gunpowder was created during this period. this was a tremendous improvement that was widely utilized by the military in order to innovate in the manufacturing of weapons.