Historians have long debated whether the spectacular rise and fall of napoleon in the decades after the french revolution was the necessary outcome of the political vacuum having been created by the toppled monarchy.
was the necessary outcome of the political vacuum having been created by the toppled monarchy
was the necessary outcome of the political vacuum created by toppling the monarchy
were the necessary outcomes of the political vacuum that the toppled monarchy created
was the necessary outcome of the political vacuum created from toppling the monarchy
were the necessary outcomes of the political vacuum created by the toppling of the monarchy

Were the necessary outcomes of the political vacuum created by the toppling of the monarchy.

Explanation:

There is a subject-verb problem in the original sentence, there is a plural noun and then there is a "was" that is incorrect.

Options A, B, and D repeat both the same subject-verb problem. While option C corrects this trouble. It presents a new one by giving responsibility to the monarchy about the vacuum. The correct sentence is option E that refers that the vacuum was created because of the fact that the monarchy was toppled.

I hope this answer helps you.

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explanation: i just want to