In what two ways were the crusades considered successful?
1. they reopened trade with the middle east during the fourteenth century.
2.they permanently reclaimed the holy land for the catholic church.
3.they allowed the exchange of ideas and learning with the arabs.
4.they united all of europe as the holy roman empire.

1. They reopened trade with the Middle East during the 14th century

3. They allowed the exchange of ideas and learning with the Arabs

Explanation:

The Crusades were organized mainly because of religious reasons, mostly because the Muslims got hold of the Holy Land, so the Catholic Church organized military to reclaim it to the Christians. There were negative and positive effects from the crusades, with the positive ones mainly being in the sphere of trade, knowledge, and science. Because the Crusaders were in constant touch with the Arabs in the Middle East, they managed to learn lot pf things from them and spread them in Europe, mostly ideas and more advanced technology. Also, the Crusades opened up the trade that was cut off by the Muslims, so Europe and the Middle East started to trade between each other again.

it would be that mali has the worst literacy rate than the others