To combat reconstruction reforms, some southerners organized

They organized secret societies and raiding parties.  The most notorious was the Ku Klux Klan.  These societies often rode in groups and raid settlements where former slaves lived. Many were hurt and killed by these mobs.  Apart from former slaves and Blacks, they also assaulted Whites who support the Republican programs.

on the morning of  july 21,  1861, general mcdowell ordered the  unionarmy to attack. it was on this hill that  confederate  colonel thomas jackson and his forces held back theunion  troops.