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a series of revolutions in the early 1800s led to independence for nations in
o africa.
north america
o europe.
o latin america

Latin America.

Explanation:

The Latin American independence revolutions began from the first decades of the 19th century.

As it is known, the territories that currently belong to Latin American countries, from Mexico to Argentina, belonged to the Spanish empire.

Due to the French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula under the command of Napoleon, the American provinces of the Spanish empire had to take each political and military command in their jurisdictions. This also happened because King Ferdinand VII of Spain had abdicated and was arrested in the city of Bayona.

Historians discuss whether these revolutions of independence were due to nationalist wishes or not, but it's known that no feelings or ties of nationalism had developed among Venezuelan, Colombian, Argentine, Chilean or Paraguayan by that time. So it is claimed that these revolutions were not due to the development of a nationalist conscience.

It has been accepted since the 1990s  that the revolutions were carried out due to the need to defend the political and economic privileges that each provincial elite had achieved during the years of the colony. Faced with the possibility of losing them, they preferred to organize themselves as independent societies of the Spanish metropolis rather than falling into the hands of political ideas and the radicalism assigned to the representatives of the French Revolution.

Most of the current Latin American countries took almost the entire nineteenth century to achieve territorial, political, military and economic union after a very painful and complex process, to finally become modern nation-states.

The first governing board that led to independence was that of Ecuador in 1809, followed by those of Venezuela, Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and Chile in 1810; Uruguay and Paraguay in 1811; Peru in 1820; the Confederation of Central America and Panama in 1821, and that of Bolivia in 1826. Other nations subsequently became independent, such as the Dominican Republic in 1844 that was under the dominion of Haiti since 1806 and Cuba in 1902.

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