The use the use of previous rulings to develop and understanding of the law.

Precedents

Explanation:

Common-Law is a customary law that is based upon judicial decisions that are called precedents. Precedents are judgments or decisions that are taken by a court and used in other similar decisions to justify it.

it would be that mali has the worst literacy rate than the others

answer; andrew jackson approved nullification by signing it into law,and john calhoun opposed it saying it was unconstitutional;