1. what were the main motives of the new imperialists?

create new markets for products  based on cultural values and ,exploratory,ethnocentric,political and religious motives

Explanation:

Five Motives for Imperialism. Various motives prompt empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories. These include economic, exploratory, ethnocentric, political, and religious motives.

Explanation:

these civilizations were located around fertile rivers, where they could produce an abundance of crops