What did russia do in the eighteenth century because it lacked year-round ports?

a. established trade relations with other countries experienceing similar problems

b. built alliances with germany and poland to transport goods over land

c. went to war against the ottoman empire and sweden

d. tried to develop ships that were capable of breaking the ice as they sailed

Following archduke franz ferdinand's assassination, austro-hungarian leaders: a. aided the ottoman empire in its campaign to keep serbia under its control. b. executed nearly all prominent serbs living in austria-hungary c. threatened to invade serbia if serb leaders did not agree to a set of strict demands. d.. formed an alliance with great britain to protect austria-hungary from future attacks.