The concepts considered to be the basis for western legal codes and morals are called
a. the enlightenment.
b. classical antiquity.
c. carthago-phoenician values.
d. judeo-christian values.

 D. Judeo-Christian values.

Explanation:

Jewish writings include the Torah, which includes the Five Books of Moses, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim. Together these books are known as the Hebrew Bible, which is very similar to the Christian Old Testament. The books of Torah include the Ten Commandments, which is a list of religious and moral laws that were given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai during the Exodus. These laws make up the foundation of the rules that Jews believe must be followed.

punish germany and keep it weak,

option d is correct. corroborated sources of historical evidence   is necessary to validate a claim about an event in history.

historians tend to use written sources, but audio and visual materials as well as artifacts are important objects that supply information to modern historians.

historical sources are usually divided into two categories: primary and secondary sources. depending on the historian's intent, some sources shift their designation. determining what type of sources toimplement, and the level of credibility and reliability of those sources, is a significant step in critical thinking for the historian.

explanation: