(asap)

identify the condition applied to constitutional government in the united states before the ratification of the 14th amendment

a) citizens enjoyed protection from state infringement against their rights
b) the supreme court ruled that under the constitution, african americans are not citizens
c) african american were counted fully when appointing seats in the house of representatives

B) The Supreme Court ruled that under the constitution, African Americans are not citizens

Explanation:

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is one of the post-Civil War amendments, and includes, among others, the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause.

The amendment redefines national citizenship more broadly, nullifying the decision of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), who had excluded slaves and their descendants, from having constitutional rights. An example of the importance of the Fourteenth Amendment can be seen in Brown v. Board of Education, when it was interpreted to prohibit racial segregation in public schools.

b. major john c. frémont led a rebellion called the bear flag revolt.

explanation:

during the bear flag revolt, from june to july 1846, a small group of american settlers in california rebelled against the mexican government and proclaimed california an independent republic. the republic was short-lived because soon after the bear flag was raised, the u.s. military began occupying california, which went on to join the union in 1850. the bear flag became the official state flag in 1911.