How did the supreme court's actions in united states v. cruikshank impact reconstruction efforts? a. the court ruled in favor of whites who had been convicted of violating the fourteenth amendment in the colfax massacre, stating that because the individuals were acting independently and not as agents of the state, the fourteenth amendment protections did not apply. b. the court ruled in favor of whites who had been convicted of violating the fourteenth amendment in the colfax massacre, stating that because blacks had received due process, they could not claim a violation. c. the court ruled against whites convicted of fourteenth amendment violations stating that they had abridged the rights of the black men, women, and children during the attack and should serve 15 years' hard labor for their crimes. d. the court ruled against whites convicted of fourteenth amendment violations stating that because their actions took place on government property they were, in fact, acting as state agents and must be held accountable.

The Answer is A: The Court ruled in favor of whites who had been convicted of violating the Fourteenth Amendment in the Colfax massacre, stating that because the individuals were acting independently and not as agents of the state, the Fourteenth Amendment protections did not apply.

Explanation:

Got it right on Plato

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

hello! : )

i think a judge or jury, as they preside over the court and is the central figure in a trial.

hope this and i hope i answered in time!

good luck!

~ destiny ^_^